Describe the main types of computer network including:

The idea

The main network types are distinguished by size and area covered. A LAN (local area network) covers a small area such as one building or site, is usually owned and managed by one organisation, and connects devices with its own cabling or Wi-Fi. A WLAN is a LAN that uses wireless connections. A WAN (wide area network) covers a large geographical area, often linking sites in different towns or countries, and typically uses infrastructure leased from a telecommunications provider; the internet is the largest example. A PAN (personal area network) connects devices close to one person, such as a phone and earbuds over Bluetooth. When answering, match each description to the correct type and use the size of area and ownership as the deciding features.

What earns the marks

• Recognises that a LAN covers a small area such as a single building or site.
• Recognises that a WAN covers a large geographical area and often links separate sites.
• Identifies that a WLAN is a local network using wireless connections.
• Identifies that a PAN connects devices close to one person, for example by Bluetooth.
• Distinguishes network types by area covered and by who owns or provides the infrastructure.

Common mistakes and how to put them right

• Confusing a WAN with the internet only.

  Put it right: Treat the internet as one example of a WAN, since a WAN can be any network spanning a large area.

• Calling any wireless connection a WLAN.

  Put it right: Reserve WLAN for a local wireless network and use PAN for personal short-range links.

• Judging network type by the number of devices rather than the area covered.

  Put it right: Use geographical span and ownership as the deciding features.

Exam tips

• Read the description in the option and match it to the area covered before choosing.
• Remember that the internet is an example of a WAN, not a separate category.
• Use the ownership clue: a LAN is usually managed by one organisation, while a WAN often leases infrastructure.