Study Notes

Overview
Welcome to your deep dive into Using Standard English, a cornerstone of the OCR GCSE English Language specification. This skill is assessed under Assessment Objective 6 (AO6), which is all about technical accuracy. It accounts for a substantial 20% of your final grade, making it a critical area to master for both Paper 1 and Paper 2. Examiners are looking for candidates who can use, consistently and correctly, the grammatical conventions of formal written English. This isn't about having a "posh" writing voice; it's about demonstrating control, clarity, and an awareness of your audience and purpose. This guide will equip you with the skills to avoid common errors and use language with the sophistication required to access the top mark bands.
The Three Pillars of Standard English
To secure high marks in AO6, you must demonstrate proficiency in three key areas. These are the non-negotiables that examiners will be looking for in your creative and transactional writing.
1. Secure Sentence Demarcation
This is the absolute foundation of clear writing. It means using capital letters to start sentences and full stops (or question/exclamation marks) to end them. The most common and costly error here is the comma splice, where two independent clauses (clauses that could be a sentence on their own) are joined only by a comma.
- Incorrect (Comma Splice): The writer builds tension, the reader feels anxious.
- Correct: The writer builds tension. The reader feels anxious.
- Correct (with Semicolon): The writer builds tension; the reader feels anxious.
- Correct (with Conjunction): The writer builds tension, so the reader feels anxious.
Failure to demarcate sentences securely is a hallmark of a Level 1 or 2 response for AO6. To move into the higher levels, you must eliminate this error.
2. Consistent Subject-Verb Agreement
Your verbs must always agree in number with your subject. This can become tricky in complex sentences where the subject and verb are separated by other information.
- Incorrect: The range of techniques used by the writer are effective.
- Correct: The range of techniques used by the writer is effective. (The subject is 'range', which is singular).
To check this, mentally remove the clause between the subject and the verb: "The range... is effective."
3. Appropriate Formal Register
Register refers to the level of formality in your language. For most exam writing, a formal register is required. This means avoiding:
- Colloquialisms/Slang:
kids,stuff,gonna,basically - Contractions:
don't,can't,it's(usedo not,cannot,it is)
Instead, opt for more precise, formal alternatives:
| Informal | Formal Alternative |
|---|---|
| kids | children, students, young people |
| stuff | items, factors, aspects, belongings |
| a lot of | numerous, many, a great deal of |
| get | obtain, receive, become, understand |

Ambitious Punctuation: Reaching the Top Bands
To achieve Level 5 and 6 for AO6, you need to move beyond basic punctuation and demonstrate control of more sophisticated marks. These show an examiner you have a high level of technical skill.
- Semicolon (;): Used to link two closely related independent clauses. It shows a more nuanced connection than a full stop.
- Colon (:): Used to introduce a list, an explanation, or a quotation.
- Dash (-): Can be used to add extra information, create emphasis, or signal a shift in tone.
- Parenthetical Commas/Brackets: Used to insert extra, non-essential information into a sentence.

Writing Skills Application
In Creative Writing (Paper 1, Section B)
While your narrative voice should generally be in Standard English, you can use non-standard forms deliberately within dialogue to create a realistic character voice. However, the narration itself—the descriptive parts of your story—must remain in Standard English.
In Transactional Writing (Paper 2, Section B)
This is where Standard English is paramount. Whether you are writing a letter, article, speech, or leaflet, the purpose is almost always formal or semi-formal. Your persona should be professional and your language precise. There is no credit given for slang or colloquialisms here; they will actively limit your marks for both AO5 (content and organisation) and AO6.
Visual Resources
2 diagrams and illustrations
Interactive Diagrams
2 interactive diagrams to visualise key concepts
Conceptual Flow Outline
Flowchart for correctly joining independent clauses and avoiding the comma splice.
Conceptual Flow Outline
A step-by-step process for the 'technical sweep' proofreading method.
Worked Examples
3 detailed examples with solutions and examiner commentary
Practice Questions
Test your understanding — click to reveal model answers
Identify the error in the following sentence: 'Each of the students have their own textbook.'
Hint: The subject of the sentence is 'Each', not 'students'. Is 'Each' singular or plural?
Rewrite the following sentence to be more formal: 'The writer gets his point across by using a load of cool facts.'
Hint: Replace 'gets across', 'a load of', and 'cool'. Think about more precise, academic vocabulary.
Combine the following two sentences into one, using a semicolon. 'The storm was raging outside. Inside, the family felt safe and warm.'
Hint: A semicolon is used to join two closely related independent clauses.
Correct the punctuation in the following sentence. 'I need three things for the exam a black pen a pencil and a ruler.'
Hint: A specific punctuation mark is used to introduce a list. What is it, and how do you punctuate the items within the list?
The following passage is from a formal letter. It contains three errors relating to Standard English. Identify and correct them. 'Its vital that the council take action. We cant just ignore the problem, all the local people is very concerned.'
Hint: Look for a contraction, a subject-verb agreement error, and an incorrect possessive/contraction.