Using Standard English

    This guide focuses on mastering Standard English for OCR GCSE English Language (AO6), a skill worth 20% of your total grade. We'll cover the core principles of formal writing, from sentence structure to vocabulary, ensuring you can write with the precision and control examiners reward.

    5
    Min Read
    3
    Examples
    5
    Questions
    8
    Key Terms
    🎙 Podcast Episode
    Using Standard English
    7:09
    0:00-7:09

    Study Notes

    Header image illustrating the core concept of Using Standard English.

    Overview

    Welcome to your deep dive into Using Standard English, a cornerstone of the OCR GCSE English Language specification. This skill is assessed under Assessment Objective 6 (AO6), which is all about technical accuracy. It accounts for a substantial 20% of your final grade, making it a critical area to master for both Paper 1 and Paper 2. Examiners are looking for candidates who can use, consistently and correctly, the grammatical conventions of formal written English. This isn't about having a "posh" writing voice; it's about demonstrating control, clarity, and an awareness of your audience and purpose. This guide will equip you with the skills to avoid common errors and use language with the sophistication required to access the top mark bands.

    Podcast: Mastering Standard English for GCSE.

    The Three Pillars of Standard English

    To secure high marks in AO6, you must demonstrate proficiency in three key areas. These are the non-negotiables that examiners will be looking for in your creative and transactional writing.

    1. Secure Sentence Demarcation

    This is the absolute foundation of clear writing. It means using capital letters to start sentences and full stops (or question/exclamation marks) to end them. The most common and costly error here is the comma splice, where two independent clauses (clauses that could be a sentence on their own) are joined only by a comma.

    • Incorrect (Comma Splice): The writer builds tension, the reader feels anxious.
    • Correct: The writer builds tension. The reader feels anxious.
    • Correct (with Semicolon): The writer builds tension; the reader feels anxious.
    • Correct (with Conjunction): The writer builds tension, so the reader feels anxious.

    Failure to demarcate sentences securely is a hallmark of a Level 1 or 2 response for AO6. To move into the higher levels, you must eliminate this error.

    2. Consistent Subject-Verb Agreement

    Your verbs must always agree in number with your subject. This can become tricky in complex sentences where the subject and verb are separated by other information.

    • Incorrect: The range of techniques used by the writer are effective.
    • Correct: The range of techniques used by the writer is effective. (The subject is 'range', which is singular).

    To check this, mentally remove the clause between the subject and the verb: "The range... is effective."

    3. Appropriate Formal Register

    Register refers to the level of formality in your language. For most exam writing, a formal register is required. This means avoiding:

    • Colloquialisms/Slang: kids, stuff, gonna, basically
    • Contractions: don't, can't, it's (use do not, cannot, it is)

    Instead, opt for more precise, formal alternatives:

    InformalFormal Alternative
    kidschildren, students, young people
    stuffitems, factors, aspects, belongings
    a lot ofnumerous, many, a great deal of
    getobtain, receive, become, understand

    A framework for applying Standard English in exams.

    Ambitious Punctuation: Reaching the Top Bands

    To achieve Level 5 and 6 for AO6, you need to move beyond basic punctuation and demonstrate control of more sophisticated marks. These show an examiner you have a high level of technical skill.

    • Semicolon (;): Used to link two closely related independent clauses. It shows a more nuanced connection than a full stop.
    • Colon (:): Used to introduce a list, an explanation, or a quotation.
    • Dash (-): Can be used to add extra information, create emphasis, or signal a shift in tone.
    • Parenthetical Commas/Brackets: Used to insert extra, non-essential information into a sentence.

    Punctuation pyramid for ambitious writing.

    Writing Skills Application

    In Creative Writing (Paper 1, Section B)

    While your narrative voice should generally be in Standard English, you can use non-standard forms deliberately within dialogue to create a realistic character voice. However, the narration itself—the descriptive parts of your story—must remain in Standard English.

    In Transactional Writing (Paper 2, Section B)

    This is where Standard English is paramount. Whether you are writing a letter, article, speech, or leaflet, the purpose is almost always formal or semi-formal. Your persona should be professional and your language precise. There is no credit given for slang or colloquialisms here; they will actively limit your marks for both AO5 (content and organisation) and AO6.

    Visual Resources

    2 diagrams and illustrations

    A framework for applying Standard English in exams.
    A framework for applying Standard English in exams.
    Punctuation pyramid for ambitious writing.
    Punctuation pyramid for ambitious writing.

    Interactive Diagrams

    2 interactive diagrams to visualise key concepts

    Capital LetterYes, new ideaYes, closely related ideaYes, add conjunctionStart of SentenceMain Clause 1End of Clause?Full StopSemicolonComma + ConjunctionNew SentenceMain Clause 2Main Clause 2

    Flowchart for correctly joining independent clauses and avoiding the comma splice.

    AO6 Proofreading CheckYesNoYesNoYesNoStartRead Sentence BackwardsCheck PunctuationComma Splice?Correct It!Check S-V AgreementError?Correct It!Check RegisterInformal?Formalise It!Sentence Secure

    A step-by-step process for the 'technical sweep' proofreading method.

    Worked Examples

    3 detailed examples with solutions and examiner commentary

    Practice Questions

    Test your understanding — click to reveal model answers

    Q1

    Identify the error in the following sentence: 'Each of the students have their own textbook.'

    1 marks
    foundation

    Hint: The subject of the sentence is 'Each', not 'students'. Is 'Each' singular or plural?

    Q2

    Rewrite the following sentence to be more formal: 'The writer gets his point across by using a load of cool facts.'

    3 marks
    standard

    Hint: Replace 'gets across', 'a load of', and 'cool'. Think about more precise, academic vocabulary.

    Q3

    Combine the following two sentences into one, using a semicolon. 'The storm was raging outside. Inside, the family felt safe and warm.'

    1 marks
    standard

    Hint: A semicolon is used to join two closely related independent clauses.

    Q4

    Correct the punctuation in the following sentence. 'I need three things for the exam a black pen a pencil and a ruler.'

    2 marks
    challenging

    Hint: A specific punctuation mark is used to introduce a list. What is it, and how do you punctuate the items within the list?

    Q5

    The following passage is from a formal letter. It contains three errors relating to Standard English. Identify and correct them. 'Its vital that the council take action. We cant just ignore the problem, all the local people is very concerned.'

    3 marks
    challenging

    Hint: Look for a contraction, a subject-verb agreement error, and an incorrect possessive/contraction.

    Key Terms

    Essential vocabulary to know

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AO3 is all about comparing writers' viewpoints and perspectives. AO4 asks you to evaluate texts critically. And then we have AO5 and AO6 for your writing: AO5 rewards ambitious content and organisation, while AO6 assesses your technical accuracy—that's your spelling, punctuation, and grammar. Now, here's where candidates often go wrong: they treat every question the same way. But each question type demands a specific approach. Let me break this down for you. For reading questions, you need to master the "What-How-Why" framework. When a question asks you to analyse how a writer uses language, you can't just spot a metaphor and move on. That's what we call feature-spotting, and it won't get you beyond a Level 2. Instead, you need to identify WHAT technique the writer uses, quote it precisely and embed it in your sentence—that's the HOW—and then explain WHY it's effective, what impact it has on the reader. This is the difference between saying "the writer uses a metaphor" and saying "by describing the fog as a 'thick grey blanket, suffocating the city,' the writer creates a sense of oppression and claustrophobia, suggesting the city is being choked." Structure questions are another area where marks are lost. When you're asked about structure, the examiner wants you to discuss things like shifts in focus, changes in narrative perspective, sentence length variation, how the opening hooks the reader, or how the ending creates closure. Don't just retell the story—analyse the writer's structural choices and their effects. For comparison questions—and these are worth 10 marks on AO3—you must integrate your discussion. Don't write about Text A for three paragraphs and then Text B for three paragraphs. That's not comparison; that's two separate analyses. 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[Pause] Answer: WHAT technique is used, HOW it's used—quote and embed it—and WHY it's effective, explaining the impact on the reader. Question three: How much time should you spend on a 24-mark writing question? [Pause] Answer: About 45 minutes, including 5 minutes for planning and 5 minutes for proofreading. Question four: Name two structural features you could analyse in a text. [Pause] Answer: Any two from: shifts in focus, changes in narrative perspective, sentence length variation, opening techniques, cyclical structure, use of flashback or foreshadowing, paragraph structure. Excellent! If you got those right, you're already on your way to exam success. [SUMMARY & SIGN-OFF - 1 minute] Let's recap what we've covered today. OCR GCSE English Language is all about demonstrating your reading and writing skills. For reading, use the What-How-Why framework, integrate your comparisons, and evaluate critically rather than just summarising. 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