Efficiency of information processing to include:: Effector mechanism.

The idea

In Whiting's information processing model, the effector mechanism follows the translatory mechanism and precedes the muscular system. Once a motor programme is selected, the effector mechanism transmits this decision. It sends motor commands via efferent nerve pathways from the central nervous system to the muscular system, which then contracts to produce the response. For example, after a netball player decides to pass, the effector mechanism transmits impulses to the arm muscles to initiate the throw. The efficiency of the effector mechanism depends on the speed of nerve impulse transmission. Faster transmission reduces reaction time and response time, leading to more efficient skill execution.

What earns the marks

• The effector mechanism receives the selected motor programme from the translatory mechanism.
• Efficient effector function depends on rapid nerve impulse transmission to the muscles.
• Faster effector mechanism transmission reduces reaction time and overall response time.

Common mistakes and how to put them right

• Identifying the effector mechanism as the final stage of the model.

  Put it right: It is followed by the muscular system, response, and feedback.

• Stating that the effector mechanism itself contracts or carries out the movement.

  Put it right: It only transmits the impulses to the muscular system.

• Claiming that faster effector responses reduce movement time.

  Put it right: Effector transmission occurs before movement onset, so it actually reduces reaction time.

Exam tips

• Place the effector mechanism correctly between the translatory mechanism and the muscular system in Whiting's model.
• Use precise terminology: state that the effector mechanism 'transmits impulses' rather than 'makes the movement'.
• Link the efficiency of the effector mechanism to improvements in reaction time and response time.