Buddhism - 3.1.1.2 Practices: energy

The idea

In Buddhism, particularly within the Mahayana tradition, 'energy' (viriya) is cultivated as one of the Six Perfections (Paramitas). It represents the enthusiastic effort and perseverance required to practise the Dharma and progress towards enlightenment. Energy is not merely physical stamina, but a mental and spiritual resilience that prevents laziness and discouragement. Buddhists develop this quality by actively engaging in meditation, studying scriptures, and performing compassionate acts without giving up when faced with difficulties.

For example: A Buddhist might demonstrate energy by maintaining a daily meditation practice despite a busy schedule, showing dedication to overcoming unwholesome mental states and cultivating wholesome ones.

What earns the marks

• Identify 'energy' (viriya) as one of the Six Perfections in Mahayana Buddhism.
• Explain that it involves enthusiastic effort and perseverance in practising the Dharma.
• Describe its role in overcoming laziness and unwholesome mental states.
• Provide examples of cultivating energy, such as maintaining regular meditation or performing compassionate acts.

Common mistakes and how to put them right

• Confusing spiritual energy with physical fitness.

  Put it right: Explain that viriya refers to mental and spiritual effort in Buddhist practice, not just physical strength.

• Assuming energy is only relevant to monks.

  Put it right: Note that lay Buddhists also cultivate energy in their daily lives to maintain their practice.

• Viewing energy as aggressive force.

  Put it right: Describe energy as a joyful, enthusiastic perseverance rather than a forceful or stressful exertion.

Exam tips

• Link the concept of energy to the Six Perfections when answering questions on Mahayana Buddhist practices.
• Use the Pali or Sanskrit term 'viriya' to demonstrate deeper subject knowledge.
• Provide a concrete example, such as dedicating time to daily meditation, to illustrate how a Buddhist shows energy.