Geography GCSE
Bottom-up development
What Bottom-up development means in Geography GCSE, as defined for Pearson Edexcel.
Definitions of Bottom-up development
Exam boards and our study guides word this term in slightly different ways. Learn the version your board uses.
Small-scale, community-led development projects usually funded by NGOs, focusing on sustainable local improvements.
Small-scale, community-led projects that use appropriate technology and involve local people in decision-making.
Topics that use Bottom-up development
- A range of strategies has been used to try to address uneven development (Pearson Edexcel GCSE)
- Definitions of development vary as do attempts to measure it (Pearson Edexcel GCSE)
Related terms
- Top-down development
- Appropriate technology
- Core-Periphery Model
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
- Human Development Index (HDI)
- Bilateral aid
- Brandt Line
- Dependency
Using Bottom-up development in the exam
Definition questions usually carry one or two marks, and examiners look for the precise wording. Write the definition from memory, check it against the version above, and then use the term in a longer answer on the same topic so it sticks.
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