Top-down development
What Top-down development means in Geography GCSE, as defined for Pearson Edexcel.
Definitions of Top-down development
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Reference: Pearson Edexcel
Large-scale, expensive projects driven by national governments or international organisations, often with little consultation with local people.
Large-scale, capital-intensive development projects planned by governments or international agencies.
Large-scale, capital-intensive development projects funded and managed by governments or TNCs.
Topics that use Top-down development
- A range of strategies has been used to try to address uneven development (Pearson Edexcel GCSE)
- Definitions of development vary as do attempts to measure it (Pearson Edexcel GCSE)
- The level of development varies globally (Pearson Edexcel GCSE)
Related terms
- Appropriate technology
- Bottom-up development
- Core-Periphery Model
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
- Human Development Index (HDI)
- Development
- Bilateral aid
- Multilateral aid
Using Top-down development in the exam
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