Judaism - 3.1.6.1 Beliefs and teachings: The Covenant and the mitzvot

The idea

A covenant is a binding agreement between God and the Jewish people, establishing a unique relationship. The mitzvot (singular: mitzvah) are the 613 commandments given by God, primarily through Moses at Sinai, which form the terms of this covenant. By obeying the mitzvot, Jews fulfil their side of the agreement, demonstrating obedience and gratitude. These laws cover all aspects of life, from dietary rules (kashrut) to ethical behaviour (tzedakah). Keeping the mitzvot is not just about following rules; it is the active expression of the covenantal relationship, bringing holiness into everyday actions and maintaining the spiritual bond with God.

What earns the marks

• Define 'covenant' as a sacred, binding agreement between God and the Jewish people.
• Explain that the mitzvot are the 613 commandments found in the Torah that guide Jewish life.
• Connect the two concepts: observing the mitzvot is the practical way Jews fulfil their covenantal duties.
• Distinguish between ritual mitzvot (between humans and God) and ethical mitzvot (between humans).

Common mistakes and how to put them right

• Stating there are only 10 mitzvot.

  Put it right: Clarify that while the Ten Commandments are central, there are 613 mitzvot in total within the Torah.

• Viewing the covenant as a purely historical event.

  Put it right: Explain that the covenant is an ongoing, living relationship maintained daily through the mitzvot.

• Confusing 'mitzvot' with 'good deeds' in a secular sense.

  Put it right: Define mitzvot specifically as divine commandments given by God, not just general acts of kindness.

Exam tips

• Use the term 'mitzvot' rather than just 'rules' or 'laws' to demonstrate subject-specific vocabulary.
• When evaluating the importance of the covenant, use examples of specific mitzvot (like keeping kosher or observing Shabbat) to illustrate your points.
• Link the concept of the covenant to the idea of Jews being the 'chosen people', explaining this means chosen for responsibility, not privilege.