Beliefs about life after death, including judgement and resurrection.

The idea

Judaism focuses primarily on the present life (Olam Ha-Ze) rather than the afterlife (Olam Ha-Ba), meaning beliefs about life after death are diverse and less dogmatic. Orthodox Jews often believe in a physical resurrection of the dead during the Messianic age, requiring bodies to be buried intact. Reform Jews generally reject physical resurrection, focusing instead on the immortality of the soul. Beliefs about judgement vary; some believe judgement happens shortly after death, while others anticipate a Day of Judgement after the Messiah arrives. The concept of Gehenna serves as a temporary place of purification for souls, rather than eternal damnation, highlighting God's mercy.

What earns the marks

• Explain the distinction between Olam Ha-Ze (the present world) and Olam Ha-Ba (the world to come).
• Contrast Orthodox beliefs in physical resurrection with Reform beliefs in the immortality of the soul.
• Describe Jewish views on judgement, including the idea of a future Day of Judgement or immediate judgement after death.
• Explain the concept of Gehenna as a place of temporary purification rather than a permanent hell.

Common mistakes and how to put them right

• Assuming all Jews believe in a physical resurrection.

  Put it right by explaining that Reform Jews typically believe only in the immortality of the soul.

• Confusing Jewish concepts of Gehenna with the Christian concept of eternal Hell.

  Put it right by noting Gehenna is usually viewed as a temporary state of purification lasting up to twelve months.

• Stating that the afterlife is the central focus of Judaism.

  Put it right by emphasising that Judaism is primarily focused on living a good life in the present world (Olam Ha-Ze).

Exam tips

• Use the Hebrew terms Olam Ha-Ze and Olam Ha-Ba to demonstrate specific subject knowledge.
• When evaluating beliefs about the afterlife, contrast Orthodox and Reform perspectives to show understanding of diversity within Judaism.
• Link beliefs about physical resurrection to Jewish burial practices, such as the prohibition of cremation in Orthodox Judaism.